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对于环境污染物检测的高度敏感和特定的功能核酸传感器的最新进展:从机制到应用

Xue Yang^1,2, Huibin Wu¹, Zhi Zeng¹

¹Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Fujian Province University, Fujian, China. qlzhang12@163.com.

|January 22, 2026

概括

功能核酸 (FNA) 提供稳定和特定的环境污染物检测. 本综述涵盖了用于监测多种污染物的体,DNA酶和gRNA,突出了它们在先进检测系统中的潜力.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
生物技术是生物技术.
分析化学分析化学

背景情况:

功能核酸 (FNA) 由于其稳定性和特异性,对检测环境污染物越来越重要.
关键的FNA类型包括体,RNA分裂DNA酶,G-四重复/雌激素DNA酶和导向RNA (gRNA).

研究的目的:

在环境污染物监测中全面审查四大FNA类别的应用.
讨论FNA与先进技术的整合,以提高检测能力.

主要方法:

在环境监测中对功能性核酸的文献综述.
根据其结构和功能对FNA进行分类.
对用于检测有机污染物,重金属,生物毒素和病原体的FNA应用进行分析.

主要成果:

在检测包括农药,双,Pb2+,Hg2+,生物毒素和微生物在内的各种污染物的过程中,FNA具有很高的特异性和灵敏度.
与纳米材料和CRISPR/Cas系统的整合显著提高了基于FNA的检测灵敏度和有效性.
确定的挑战包括环境变量易感性 (pH,温度) 和复杂的合成.

结论:

FNA是环境污染物检测和监测的强大而多功能工具.
进一步的研究和技术融合有望克服当前的局限性,加强环境保护战略.
FNA具有很大的潜力,可以推进实时环境监测和污染控制工作.

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