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相关概念视频

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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通过对抗R循环并使转录重编程成为可能,ATR保护了表皮细胞到半机细胞的过渡.

Parasvi S Patel1, Jacob P Matson1, Xiaojuan Ran2

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States of America.

The Journal of clinical investigation
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

准癌细胞的可塑性至关重要. 研究表明,ATR激酶抑制会破坏像EMT这样的细胞状态过渡,通过破坏癌细胞的稳定性来减少瘤生长和转移.

关键词:
癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症细胞生物学 细胞生物学在瘤学瘤学.

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Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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科学领域:

  • 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
  • 分子瘤学分子瘤学
  • 基因组不稳定性 基因组不稳定性

背景情况:

  • 癌细胞的可塑性,由转录重编程驱动,促进转移和治疗抵抗.
  • 细胞状态转变,如上皮细胞转移到介质细胞转变 (EMT),对于瘤进展至关重要.
  • 这些转变的治疗向在很大程度上仍未被探索.

研究的目的:

  • 调查细胞状态转换是否可以在治疗上被准.
  • 阐明ATR激酶在EMT期间调节转录重编程中的作用.
  • 为了确定ATR抑制作为癌症治疗的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 作为一个模型系统,利用了上皮细胞到介质细胞的过渡 (EMT).
  • 研究了ATR抑制对EMT期间基因组不稳定性的影响.
  • 分析了R循环形成,转录复制冲突和SNAI1位点的基因调节.

主要成果:

  • 在细胞状态转换期间的转录重编程会通过R循环和转录复制冲突诱导基因组的不稳定.
  • ATR激酶对于细胞状态转换至关重要,保护基因组完整性并使转录重编程成为可能.
  • 在EMT期间ATR抑制增加了基因组不稳定性,破坏了转录重编程,并在SNAI1.1上提高了R循环相关的DNA损伤.
  • 抑制ATR会触发SNAI1和其他EMT基因的抑制,减少瘤生长和体内转移.

结论:

  • 通过保持基因组完整性和促进转录重编程,ATR激酶保护细胞状态转换.
  • 抑制ATR是一种有前途的治疗策略,可以向癌症的可塑性并抑制瘤的进展.
  • 向ATR可以消除接受EMT的癌细胞,提供一种对抗转移和治疗耐药性的新方法.