后院家禽中的沙门氏菌:流行率,疫情趋势,抗菌素耐药性和新出现的风险
Richard Y Otwey1, Sandesh Chapagain1, Unishma Ghimire1
1Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, 21853, MD, United States.
Journal of food protection
|January 22, 2026
概括
后院家禽与美国沙门氏菌感染的增加有关,多药耐药菌株构成了公共卫生威胁,特别是对幼儿. 需要加强监控和生物安全.
科学领域:
- 兽医公共卫生 兽医公共卫生
- 动物传播疾病流行病学
- 对抗生素耐药性的监测和监测
背景情况:
- 与后院家禽有关的沙门氏菌感染在美国正在增加,过去十年有超过9,923例报告病例.
- 多药耐药 (MDR) 沙门氏菌株经常与这些感染有关,构成严重的公共卫生风险.
- 5岁以下的儿童占人类沙门氏菌病例的比例不成比例.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合有关沙门氏菌流行,血清型,抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 和2012-2025年美国后院家禽的趋势的国家数据.
- 确定导致沙门氏菌从后院家禽传播到人类的关键流行病学因素.
- 突出监测和抗生素使用监督在后院家禽业务的差距.
主要方法:
- 分析国家监测数据和多州疫情报告.
- 评估已发表的研究和来自特定州 (如马里兰州,加利福尼亚州) 的本地监测数据.
- 综合有关沙门氏菌血清型,AMR模式和有助于风险因素的信息.
主要成果:
- 六种血清型 (Enteritidis,Infantis,Typhimurium,Hadar,Indiana,Mbandaka) 始终与疫情有关,其中Enteritidis和Infantis是最常见的.
- 婴儿血清型显示了早期和复发的MDR概况.
- 在当地后院群体中检测到MDR沙门氏菌株,跨越各种抗菌类别.
- 诸如化场污染,生物安全性不佳和人与动物接触等因素驱使传播.
- 关于后院家禽使用抗生素的数据有限,通常缺乏兽医监督.
结论:
- 扩大AMR监测范围,包括后院群体至关重要.
- 改善化场的卫生和生物安全措施对于制沙门氏菌传播至关重要.
- 加强公众对动物安全处理实践的教育对于减少人类感染至关重要.
- 解决缺乏对后院家禽抗生素使用的兽医监督问题是必要的,以打击AMR.
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