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相关概念视频

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
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Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (the highest point) or troughs (the lowest point) in the wave. Frequency is the number of...
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Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

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As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM
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超薄液体细胞用于微秒时间解析的冷-EMEM.

Wyatt A Curtis1, Jakub Wenz1,2, Constantin R Krüger1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature communications
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员开发了一种使用二氧化膜的新方法,以延长时间解析的冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 对蛋白质动态的观测. 这一突破允许更长的观察窗口,推动了微秒级别蛋白质功能的研究.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 时间分辨率冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 旨在捕捉蛋白质在活动中的情况.
  • 由于在激光照射下样本的不稳定性,目前的限制限制了观测到几十微秒.
  • 观察蛋白质动态对于理解蛋白质功能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了延长微秒时间解析的冷EM的观察窗口.
  • 为了克服激光照射期间薄液体薄膜的不稳定性.
  • 为了使近原子分辨率的短暂蛋白质配置的成像.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一种使用超薄二氧化膜封装冷样品的技术.
  • 利用激光诱导的闪光化来在受控的时间窗口内启动蛋白质动态.
  • 在50S核糖体子单元上应用时间解析的温度跳跃实验.

主要成果:

  • 将时间解析的冷EM的观测窗口扩大了一个数量级.
  • 实现了接近原子的空间分辨率重建.
  • 成功消除了偏好的颗粒方向.
  • 获得了对L1茎的形状景观的新见解.

结论:

  • 新的二氧化膜技术显著提高了微秒时间分辨率的冷EM能力.
  • 这一进步弥合了千秒时间尺度观测的差距.
  • 该方法为研究高分辨率的动态生物过程提供了强大的工具.