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关于精英青年足球运动员的外部和内部负载变量之间的关系

Nils Haller^1,2,3, Thomas Stanin⁴, Tilmann Strepp^5,6

¹Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee 49, Hallein-Rif, Salzburg, 5400, Austria. nhaller@uni-mainz.de.

Scientific reports

|January 22, 2026

概括

像RPE和能量水平这样的主观测量比生物化学或神经肌肉标志物更可靠地监测精英青年足球运动员的训练负载. 结构良好的问卷可以放心地用于负载监控.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
运动生理学运动生理学
青年运动员监测监测青年运动员监测

背景情况:

精确监测训练负载对于优化表现和预防精英青年运动员受伤至关重要.
了解外部训练负载和内部生理反应之间的关系对于有效的运动员管理至关重要.
现有的研究已经探索了各种标记,但需要在精英青年足球中进行全面的比较.

研究的目的:

研究精英青年男性足球运动员的外部训练负载指标和各种内部负载指标之间的关联.
为了比较主观,生化和神经肌肉标记在反映训练负载时的有效性.
为从业人员提供基于证据的建议,提供最佳负载监控策略.

主要方法:

25名男优青年足球运动员 (年龄为16.6±0.9岁) 在3个月的时间里参与了这项研究.
使用局部定位系统测量外部负载 (距离,高速运行).
通过主观评分 (RPE,睡眠,驱动),生化标志物 (CK,LDH,CRP,尿素,皮质醇,转移素) 和神经肌肉测试 (CMJ) 来评估内部负载.
工作负载计算包括单日 (1DL),7日指数 (7DL) 和急性:慢性工作负载比 (ACWR).
使用斯皮尔曼相关性来分析外部和内部负载指标之间的关系.

主要成果:

与生化和神经肌肉标志物相比,主观测量,特别是RPE和驱动,在不同的计算方法中与训练负载有更强和更一致的相关性.
在所有方法中,LDH与训练负载呈正相关性 (高达r=0.27,p<0.01).
CK与ACWR训练负载 (r=0.23-0.27,p<0.05) 有正相关性,而转素 (ACWR) 和CRP (1DL) 显示出负相关性 (r=-0.21至-0.28,p<0.05).
CMJ异常平均力与ACWR训练负载变量负相关 (r=-0.22到-0.25,p<0.01).

结论:

主观监测工具,如评估RPE和感知能量水平的问卷,对于跟踪精英青年足球运动员的训练负载,比生物化学或神经肌肉评估更有效和可靠.
实践者可以自信地在这个人群中实施结构良好的主观监测协议,用于负载管理.
进一步的研究可以探索这些协会在较长时间内以及在不同的青少年体育环境中的预测有效性.

关键词:

生物标志物生物标志物足球足球足球足球预防伤害的预防.负载监控负载监控神经肌肉测试是指神经肌肉测试.

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