青春期的智力和执行功能:比较自闭症谱系障碍和典型的发展状况
Monika Pudło1, Krystyna Rymarczyk1, Anna Starowicz2
1Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
Frontiers in psychology
|January 23, 2026
概括
高智力可能有助于自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的青少年克服执行功能 (EF) 的挑战. 自闭症患者的较低智商与更大的EF困难有关,强调个性化干预.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种影响社会沟通和行为的神经发育状况.
- 执行功能 (EF) 是关键的认知过程,包括规划和认知灵活性.
- 在没有智力障碍的ASD青少年 (ASD-WID) 中,了解智力和EF之间的相互作用对于有针对性的支持至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究ASD-WID青少年智力 (IQ) 和执行功能 (EF) 之间的关系.
- 检查智商水平和性别差异对EF的影响.
- 为了比较ASD-WID和与年龄和智商相匹配的典型发育 (TD) 同龄人之间的EF表现.
主要方法:
- 214名青少年 (118名ASD,96名TD;12-18岁) 进行了评估.
- 执行功能使用威斯康星州卡片排序测试 (WCST) 和色迹测试 (CTT) 来测量.
- 使用WISC-R/WAIS-R评估认知能力;由于数据分布异常,应用了非参数统计数据.
主要成果:
- 当年龄和全尺度智商相匹配时,在ASD和TD组之间没有观察到总体EF差异.
- 在ASD和TD组中,更高的智商与更好的规划和认知灵活性相关.
- 高智商ASD青少年的表现与高智商TD同龄人相比,表明了潜在的补偿机制. 在自闭症患者中,较低的智商与更多的坚持性错误有关.
结论:
- 智力,特别是感知推理,显著影响了ASD和没有ASD的青少年的EF结果.
- 高智商可能会减轻ASD-WID的EF缺陷,而较低的智商与明显的执行控制困难有关.
- 评估和干预应考虑个人的认知特征,而不是仅依赖诊断状态.
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