多组分运动伤害预防计划对青少年团队运动员 (10-19岁) 的影响:系统审查和元分析
Honghao Liu1, Xiaoming Liu1, Long Yin1
1College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
Frontiers in pediatrics
|January 23, 2026
概括
多元组件炼计划显著减少了青少年团队运动员受伤的35%. 最佳的程序不到20分钟,包括热身,压力计,力量,敏捷性和平衡,在女性身上观察到更大的好处.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 伤害预防 预防伤害
背景情况:
- 青少年团队运动员面临着高风险的体育相关伤害.
- 多元组件运动计划被提议作为一种有效的预防策略.
- 最佳的程序特征和与性别相关的差异需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估青少年团队运动员多组分运动伤害预防计划的有效性.
- 确定最佳培训计划的特点,包括持续时间和与性别相关的差异.
主要方法:
- 进行了对16项随机对照试验的元分析.
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,科学网,Embase,EBSCOhost,Cochrane图书馆) 进行文献搜索,截至2024年7月20日.
- 进行了子组分析,以确定最佳训练组件,持续时间和与性别相关的差异.
主要成果:
- 多组件运动计划显著减少了总伤害的35% (IRR=0.65,95%CI:0.54-0.77).
- 在下肢 (33%),膝盖 (22%) 和脚 (38%) 的伤害中观察到显著的减少.
- 20分钟以下的节目,包括热身,跳跃/压力计,力量,敏捷性和平衡,最有效 (IRR=0.55,95% CI:0.41-0.73).
- 与男性相比,女性 (IRR=0.56,95% CI:0.35-0.88) 发现了更强烈的影响 (IRR=0.66,95% CI:0.55-0.80).
结论:
- 多元体育干预计划有效地减少了青少年团队运动员受伤的发生率.
- 最佳的干预措施是短暂的 (<20分钟),并结合了热身,跳跃/压力计,力量,敏捷性和平衡.
- 建议进行力量和平衡训练,在女性中观察到更大的有效性;然而,证据质量需要进一步研究.
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