印度太平洋驼背海豚 (Sousa chinensis) 的哨声接收定向性的数值建模
Wenzhan Ou1, Yu Zhang1,2, Chuang Zhang1
1Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|January 23, 2026
概括
海豚耳朵脂肪聚焦声音,而气 sinus 阻它,改善方向听力. 较大的海豚表现出更好的哨声接收定向性,突出显示了大小依赖的适应性.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
背景情况:
- 牙鱼 (Odontocetes) 使用哨声进行社交交流.
- 在odontocetes中,哨声接收的定向性还未得到充分研究.
- 了解声音接收机制对于海洋哺乳动物通信研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究印度-太平洋驼背海豚 (Sousa chinensis) 中恒定的口哨的接收导向性.
- 探索下脂肪和空气鼻在定向声音接收中的作用.
- 为了确定笛子接收的定向性如何随着海豚的年龄和大小而变化.
主要方法:
- 利用基于 CT 扫描的小牛和成年 Sousa chinensis 的 3D 数值模型.
- 在频率范围 (3.8 kHz至30.2 kHz) 中模拟声音接收.
- 计算双耳定向指数 (DI) 来量化定向听力.
主要成果:
- 发现下脂肪会从前面收集声音.
- 空气鼻腔从后部,上部和相反侧面起到了阻断声音的作用.
- 双耳DIs范围为1.7至7.2 dB,其中波增强了整体接收的导向性.
- 成年海豚表现出比小牛 (1.9 dB) 更大的哨声接收定向性 (2.7 dB).
结论:
- 海豚解剖学,特别是下脂肪和空气鼻腔,显著增强了定向哨声接收.
- 声在改善哨声接收的指导性方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 哨声接收的定向性显示出大小依赖的变化,成年人与小牛相比,表现出优越的定向听力.
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