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相关概念视频

Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

7.4K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Brick Durability, Strength, and Appearance01:15

Brick Durability, Strength, and Appearance

642
Brick durability, strength, and appearance are crucial factors in construction, influencing the choice of bricks for specific applications. The process of freeze-thaw, for instance, significantly affects brick durability. This phenomenon occurs when water absorbed by a brick expands as it freezes, potentially causing damage when it melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability: SW-grade bricks are the most durable, offering high strength and low water absorption, followed by MW-grade...
642
Dense Connective Tissue01:13

Dense Connective Tissue

11.8K
Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue— regular and irregular.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
In dense regular connective tissue, fibers are arranged parallel to each other, enhancing its tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular...
11.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.6K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

131.7K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
131.7K

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Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
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Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials

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密集而持久的能量:与皮拉相结合的氧化框架.

Abhishek Kumar Yadav1, Richard J Staples2, Jean'ne M Shreeve1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States.

Organic letters
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
概括

新的Pyrazine桥梁能量化合物提供高密度和低灵敏度的热稳定性. 化合物5表现出卓越的性能,使得这些材料在爆炸物和国防应用中具有前景.

科学领域:

  • 能量材料研究研究 能量材料研究
  • 有机合成 有机合成
  • 材料科学是一种材料科学.

背景情况:

  • 新能源材料的开发对于先进的应用至关重要.
  • 现有的材料往往在热稳定性,灵敏性或性能方面面临限制.
  • 氨酸桥接的1,3,4-氧化醇代表了能量化合物的有前途的支架.

研究的目的:

  • 设计和合成新型对称的C-C结合的基桥式1,3,4-氧化基能量化合物.
  • 综合描述它们的结构,热,能量和灵敏性质.
  • 评估它们作为二次爆炸物和热强的能量材料的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 化合物的合成 5-8. 化合物的合成
  • 使用核磁共振 (NMR),红外 (IR) 光谱学,元素分析 (EA) 和差分扫描热度计 (DSC) 的表征.
  • 单晶X射线衍射用于化合物5和15NNNMR用于化合物7.

主要成果:

  • 所有合成的化合物都表现出高密度,优异的热稳定性,有利的爆炸性能和低的机械灵敏度.
  • 中性化合物5的密度为1.87gcm−3,热稳定性为225°C,冲击灵敏度为12J,摩擦灵敏度为360N,爆炸速度为8161m s−1.
  • 盐 (6-7) 和金属有机网 (8) 也显示出高密度 (1.74-2.01 g cm−3),热稳定性 (200-292 °C),以及具有低灵敏度的良好引爆性能.

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结论:

  • 设计的以1,3,4-oxadiazole为基础的能量化合物具有卓越的性能.
  • 与相关的能量材料相比,复合物5表现出优越的性能.
  • 这些化合物具有很大的潜力,可以作为二级爆炸物和热稳定的能量材料在国防和民用领域的应用.