人类社会认知的普遍性:来自17个社区的儿童以类似的方式处理目光
Manuel Bohn1,2, Julia Christin Prein1,2, Agnes Ayikoru3
1Institute of Psychology in Education, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Child development
|January 23, 2026
概括
视线追踪是幼儿时代人类普遍的社会认知技能. 虽然表现在不同文化和个体之间有所不同,但潜在的认知过程仍然是一致的,证明了它的基本性质.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 人类社会认知发展理论经常假设普遍的发展里程碑.
- 幼儿时代的目光追踪是社会互动和学习的关键社会认知技能.
- 之前的研究还没有广泛探讨凝视以下机制的跨文化普遍性.
研究的目的:
- 探讨眼神追随的普遍性,作为一个社会认知过程,在幼儿时期,在不同的文化背景下.
- 通过使用计算模型来识别注视的认知处理特征.
- 检查表现后视线变化的来源,包括文化和个人因素.
主要方法:
- 这是一项大规模的跨文化研究,涉及17个不同社区的1377名儿童.
- 利用计算模型从注视后的行为中推导认知处理特征,将其概念化为社会矢量估计.
- 在2022年3月至2024年1月期间收集数据,分析性能变化.
主要成果:
- 在不同社区和个人之间观察到,表现后的目光存在显著差异.
- 在所有研究社区中都发现了一种一致的认知处理签名,用于注视跟踪.
- 孩子们对数据收集设备的熟悉程度,而不是社交互动的机会,与个人表现差异相关.
结论:
- 视线追踪代表了儿童早期发育中的普遍社会认知过程.
- 文化和个体差异会影响视线追随的绝对表现,但不会影响其基本的认知基础.
- 这些发现挑战了纯粹的普世主义假设,强调了变化,同时肯定了核心的普世机制.
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