饮用水中的水处理和大肠杆菌:家庭对 (隐形) 水质风险的反应
Akito Kamei1, Bhowmik Sujey Soori2
1School of Government and Economics, Universidad Panamericana, Ciudad de México, México.
PloS one
|January 23, 2026
概括
由于大肠杆菌污染,大多数家庭缺乏安全的饮用水. 水处理只受到污染的轻微影响,处理过的水往往仍然不安全,这凸显了需要更好的WASH策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 水的质量 水的质量
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,有40亿人缺乏安全饮用水,不成比例地影响了儿童等弱势群体.
- 大肠杆菌 (E. coli) 的污染对饮用水源构成重大风险.
研究的目的:
- 量化家庭对水源中的大肠杆菌的暴露.
- 调查大肠杆菌污染与家庭水处理行为之间的联系.
- 评估家庭水处理对储存饮用水中的大肠杆菌水平的有效性.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自25个低收入和中等收入国家的59,633个家庭的全国代表性多指标集群调查 (MICS) 数据.
- 在水源和储存的家庭饮用水中进行了标准化的水质测试.
- 控制特定国家固定的效应和家庭特征的回归方法用于分析与大肠杆菌污染水平相关的水处理行为.
主要成果:
- 78%的家庭不处理他们的水;20%使用高大肠杆菌污染 (>100 MPN/100 ml) 的来源.
- 大肠杆菌的存在增加了水处理的可能性只有3-5个百分点,区域差异 (在拉丁美洲更强,在非洲更弱).
- 报告水处理的家庭中,很大一部分家庭仍然存储了中度至高度受到大肠杆菌污染的饮用水.
结论:
- 家庭水处理行为对大肠杆菌污染的隐形风险的反应很弱.
- 处理不当的做法导致许多家庭储存的饮用水中持续存在大肠杆菌污染.
- 有效的水,环境卫生和卫生 (WASH) 战略必须强调风险沟通和正确,一致的处理应用,以确保获得安全饮用水.
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