羊牧场是否支持食虫蝙蝠活动和蝙蝠物种丰富?
Florian Wiesinger1, Marcela Suarez-Rubio1
1Institute of Zoology, Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria.
PloS one
|January 23, 2026
概括
放牧羊可以增加食虫蝙蝠的活动,特别是在小型空中食虫动物和常见的蝙蝠物种. 然而,蝙蝠的整体活动和物种丰富性在放牧阶段之间没有显著变化.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物学 动物学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 耕地农业对单一种植和农药的依赖,对生物多样性产生了负面影响.
- 众所周知,放牧牲畜,主要是牛,有利于蝙蝠,但对绵羊的影响不太了解.
- 了解羊放牧的影响对于制定有效的蝙蝠保护战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估牧羊对食虫蝙蝠活动和物种丰富性的影响.
- 为了比较蝙蝠在放牧前,放牧后和放牧后的牧场阶段的活动.
- 确定牛研究的发现是否适用于绵羊放牧系统.
主要方法:
- 在2019年夏天,在奥地利南伯根兰州的49个牧场进行了声学调查.
- 牧场被分为三个时间阶段:牧场前,牧场后和牧场后.
- 在这些放牧阶段分析了蝙蝠活动和物种丰富性.
主要成果:
- 小型空中食虫活动在放牧和放牧后的牧场明显高于放牧前的牧场.
- 常见的蝙蝠物种在被放牧的牧场上表现出更大的活动,而不是预先放牧的牧场.
- 尼克塔卢斯·诺克图拉 (Nyctalus noctula) 的活性在放牧后的牧场明显高于在放牧前的牧场.
结论:
- 绵羊放牧可以通过资源豆类为某些昆虫食蝙蝠群体提供即时的好处.
- 与牛研究相比,蝙蝠反应的差异可能是由于时间框架,牧场大小和管理的差异.
- 面向保护的放牧战略应考虑牲畜类型和特定的管理环境,以实现最佳的蝙蝠保护.
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