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Concrete mixing ensures a homogenous blend where aggregates are well-coated with cement paste. Concrete mixing is typically done using two main types of mixers: batch and continuous. Batch mixers handle one batch at a time, thoroughly combining materials before discharging and receiving the next batch. In contrast, continuous mixers receive a steady flow of ingredients, mixing them consistently and discharging without interruption. Within batch mixers, tilting drum mixers mix with internal...
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The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard...
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Ready-mixed concrete, also known as pre-mixed concrete, is prepared in a centralized plant and then transported in trucks to construction sites where it is ready for placement. This type of concrete is categorized into central-mixed, truck-mixed (or transit-mixed), and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is entirely prepared at a plant and moved to the site in agitator trucks that rotate at a speed of 2 to 6 rpm. Truck-mixed concrete, on the other hand, has the ingredients batched at the plant...
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机器人辅助部分切除术与没有混合现实 - REALITATEM研究

Dorival Manrique Duarte1,2, Pietro Waltrick Brum3, Milton Berger1,2

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

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混合现实 (MIXREAL) 在机器人辅助部分切除术 (RAPN) 中表现有前途,通过减少缺血时间和帮助手术决策. 需要进一步的研究来确认质的长期功能益处.

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增强现实是一种增强现实.切除脏术 (nephrectomy) 是一个切除脏的方法.机器人手术程序 机器人手术程序

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科学领域:

  • 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
  • 手术技术 手术技术
  • 医疗成像医学成像

背景情况:

  • 机器人辅助部分切除术 (RAPN) 是针对质的标准手术.
  • 尽量减少缺血时间对于保持功能至关重要.
  • 在复杂的RAPN案件中,内部决策可能具有挑战性.

研究的目的:

  • 评估混合现实 (MIXREAL) 的有效性,将虚拟 (VR) 和增强现实 (AR) 结合在一起,在RAPN.
  • 评估MIXREAL对关键手术参数和患者结局的影响.
  • 确定将MIXREAL集成到RAPN程序中的可行性和安全性.

主要方法:

  • 一项随机临床试验 (RCT) 涉及45名患有质的患者.
  • 患者被分配到使用 (Realitatem组 - RG) 或没有 (控制组 - CG) MIXREAL的RAPN中.
  • 结果包括缺血时间,选择性紧决定,残留帕伦基马,并发症率和功能.

主要成果:

  • 在MIXREAL组 (RG) 显示,缺血时间 (p = 0.045) 的统计显著减少,平均为3.8分钟.
  • 在选择性动脉紧的决定中,RG显著改善 (p = 0.013),可能减少对细胞缺血症.
  • 在RG中观察到朝着方便核化技术的趋势,但没有检测到并发症率或短期/长期功能之间的差异. 这项研究的小样本规模是一个局限性.

结论:

  • 这项RCT证实了在RAPN中使用MIXREAL的可行性和安全性.
  • 在RAPN期间,MIXREAL显示出增强手术内决策的潜力.
  • 需要进行更大规模的随访研究,以验证MIXREAL在RAPN中的潜在功能益处.