在COVID-19人类休息期间,海鸟对海洋船舶活动发生变化的反应:来自公民科学的见解
Kirk A Hart1, Mark Drever2, Gregory O'Hagan3
1Department of Biology, Camosun College, 3100 Foul Bay Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5J2, Canada; Center for Wildlife Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, BC, Canada.
The Science of the total environment
|January 23, 2026
概括
在不列颠哥伦比亚省的海鸟在COVID-19大流行期间对船舶流量的变化表现出不同的反应. 许多物种的丰富性受到小船活动增加的负面影响,但中型船只的积极影响,突出了定制保护策略的必要性.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 保护鸟类的保护活动
- 人类对野生动物的影响
背景情况:
- 海洋生态系统面临着人类活动造成的重大压力,特别是船舶交通.
- 改变船舶活动对海鸟种群的影响尚不清楚.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,世界范围内的
- 人类流行病 (anthropause) 是一种疾病.
- 提供了一个独特的机会来研究这些影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查不列颠哥伦比亚省35种沿海海鸟如何应对大流行引起的海洋船舶活动变化.
- 为了确定不同类型的船只 (小型,中型,大型) 和海鸟丰富度之间的关系.
- 评估船舶交通变化对海鸟种群在空间和时间尺度上的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用自动识别系统 (AIS) 数据用于船舶活动和eBird公民科学数据用于海鸟观测.
- 采用了通用添加模型 (GAM) 来分析与流行前 (2018-2019) 水平相比的船舶交通模式 (增加/减少).
- 应用了通用添加剂混合模型 (GAMMs) 以模拟与船舶活动转移相关的海鸟丰度变化,使用配对模型方法.
主要成果:
- 在船舶交通变化中观察到显著的空间异质性;大型船只大幅下降,而小型和中型船只显示出混合的模式.
- 海鸟的数量通常随着小型船舶流量的减少而增加,随着小型船舶流量的增加而减少,这表明存在负相关性.
- 中型船只流量增加与海鸟数量增加相关,这表明有积极的关联,而大型船只则较弱,主要是积极的关联.
结论:
- 海鸟对海上干扰的反应受到船舶类型,可预测性和近距离的强烈影响.
- 研究结果强调了在海洋空间规划中考虑船舶类别和物种特定行为的重要性.
- 对人类对海鸟群体的影响的缓解策略应根据这些细微的反应量身定制.
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