疫苗接种计划的流行和影响:养老院和辅助生活社区之间的差异
Kennedy J Berner1, Patrick O Mese1, John R Bowblis1
1Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|January 23, 2026
概括
养老院 (NHs) 提供更多的疫苗接种计划比辅助生活社区 (ALs),尽管ALs报告了更高的住院风险. 扩大AL疫苗接种计划可以改善居民安全和疫情预防.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 预防传染病 预防传染病
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种计划对于在长期护理机构居住的弱势群体中预防疾病至关重要.
- 不同类型的长期护理机构之间可能存在医疗保健获取和计划实施方面的差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较在养老院 (NHs) 和辅助生活社区 (ALs) 中疫苗接种计划的流行率.
- 检查疫苗接种计划,感知住院风险和由于这些环境中的疫情而导致的入院暂停之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 来自2023年俄俄州长期护理设施双年调查 (>90%的响应率) 的设施级调查数据的分析.
- 调查包括授权的NH和AL (N=736;N=623) 评估7种疾病的疫苗接种计划,感知住院风险和临时入院暂停.
- 使用描述性统计数据分析数据,比较NHs和ALs之间的平均值.
主要成果:
- 与ALS相比,NHs在所有7种疫苗可以预防的疾病中都显示出更高的疫苗接种率.
- 总体而言,ALs报告了更高的住院风险,而NHs报告了更高的呼吸系统疾病风险.
- 暂时的入学暂停不常见,主要与COVID-19有关,并且与设施的大小,所有权和位置有关 (NHs的农村,ALs的城市).
结论:
- 在NHs和ALs之间在疫苗接种计划实施方面存在显著的差异.
- 在AL中加强疫苗接种计划可能会降低住院率并改善疫情控制.
- 有针对性的政策,教育和资源是必要的,以确保在所有长期护理机构平等获得全面的疫苗接种计划.
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