在制度变革下,晚年工作史和功能限制:中国的经济改革和工作序列
1University of Texas Medical Branch, USA.
Longitudinal and life course studies : international journal
|January 23, 2026
概括
中国的经济改革影响了工作史和后期生活的功能限制. 农村工作受到hukou制度的限制,与城市或自雇机会相比,导致了更大的限制.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 1978年中国的经济改革大大改变了就业格局.
- 家庭登记 (hukou) 系统在机会和社会福利方面造成了城乡差异.
- 了解工作史的长期健康后果对于老龄化人口至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同工作历史与晚年生活中的功能限制之间的关系.
- 分析中国经济改革和政府制度对就业轨迹和健康状况的影响.
- 识别与增加或减少功能限制相关的特定工作类型.
主要方法:
- 利用来自中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS) (2011-2018) 的数据.
- 采用序列分析来按类型和持续时间分类工作历史.
- 应用随机拦截多层Tobit模型来评估工作轨迹对功能限制的影响.
主要成果:
- 经济改革使人们能够从农业转向非农村工作,但hukou部门影响了获得养老金,保险和住房的机会.
- 城市工作与城市hukou持有者的自我雇佣相比,具有较少的功能限制.
- 年轻的移民和农村工人在自雇或城市工作中报告的限制比农业或农村工作中的人少.
结论:
- 劳动史受到城市农村 hukou 制度的强烈影响,限制了农村居民的非农村就业.
- 农村户口持有者面临着对养老金和医疗保健等基本福利的限制.
- 主要从事农村工作与晚年生活中更大的功能限制有显著的关联.
更多相关视频
09:23JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
Published on: March 21, 2025
1.9K
04:20Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
Published on: July 12, 2024
2.5K
相关概念视频
Life Histories
22.6K
Overview
22.6K
What is Evolutionary History?
43.0K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
43.0K
Functions of Life
24.1K
Human life is characterized by a variety of functions that are essential for survival and well-being. These functions include metabolism, movement, development, growth and reproduction.
Metabolism
The basic function of an organism is to consume energy and molecules in foods, convert some of it into fuel for movement, sustain body functions, and build and maintain body structures. There are two types of reactions that accomplish this: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process whereby...
Metabolism
The basic function of an organism is to consume energy and molecules in foods, convert some of it into fuel for movement, sustain body functions, and build and maintain body structures. There are two types of reactions that accomplish this: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process whereby...
24.1K
Limits on Trigonometric Functions
58
Limits on Trigonometric FunctionsThe limits of trigonometric functions play a fundamental role in calculus, particularly in defining derivatives. One of the most important results is:which is important for differentiating trigonometric functions and is widely applied in mathematical analysis and physics.Geometric IntuitionA common approach to proving this result involves analyzing a sector of a unit circle with an angle subtended at the center. Since the arc length is numerically equal to the...
58
The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
38.1K
The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
38.1K
Characteristics of Life
257.4K
Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...
257.4K
