孕妇和哺乳期妇女的治疗:临床药理学的见解
Davies Otieno1, Francis Williams Ojara1,2, Naomi Richardson3
1Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda;
Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology
|January 23, 2026
概括
将孕妇和哺乳期妇女排除在临床试验之外,造成了知识差距. 最近的法规和先进的建模技术现在支持它们的纳入,改善了这些人群的药物安全性和有效性.
科学领域:
- 药理学和临床研究.
- 孕产妇和胎儿医学 孕产妇和胎儿医学
- 药物开发 药物开发
背景情况:
- 从历史上看,由于伦理和安全方面的担忧,孕妇和哺乳期妇女被排除在临床试验之外,导致显著的数据缺乏.
- 这种排除在这些关键人群中造成了关于药物药理动力学,安全性和疗效的知识差距.
- 过去的分类将这些女性视为弱势群体,阻碍了她们被纳入受保护的研究参与者.
研究的目的:
- 解决怀孕和哺乳期妇女从临床试验中被历史排除的问题.
- 突出最近的进展和立法变化,促进这些人群的研究.
- 通过包容性研究和先进的建模,概述改善药物安全性和有效性的战略.
主要方法:
- 审查立法框架,例如FDA怀孕和哺乳期标签规则.
- 应用定量药理方法,包括生理学基础的药理动力学 (PBPK) 模型.
- 整合新兴技术,如人工智能 (AI) 和器官芯片模型.
- 用先进的建模合成体外,体外,体内和临床数据.
主要成果:
- 立法变化正在积极促进将孕妇和哺乳妇女纳入临床研究.
- 基于生理学的药理动力学模型有助于优化试验设计和更安全的剂量.
- 新兴技术提供了对母亲-胎儿和婴儿药物暴露的更深入的见解.
- 综合数据和建模方法改善了对怀孕和哺乳期间生理变化的理解.
结论:
- 在临床试验中包括孕妇和哺乳妇女对于基于证据的药物治疗至关重要.
- 先进的定量药理学和新兴技术是这些人群中伦理和有效研究的关键.
- 更好的理解使孕妇和哺乳期妇女能够获得适当和公平的药物治疗.
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