结合免疫与编码PRRSV抗原的mRNA增强了免疫反应,并赋予了猪仔对高度致病性PRRSV的保护性免疫力
Haiyun Liu1, Yuqing Ma1, Fengping Hou2
1State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Virology
|January 24, 2026
概括
对猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒 (PRRSV) 的新mRNA疫苗显示出有希望. 与融合蛋白或传统疫苗相比,组合单个结构蛋白mRNA,如GP5+M+N,提供更好的保护和免疫反应.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 疫苗技术技术 疫苗技术
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒 (PRRSV) 在养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失.
- 现有的PRRSV疫苗由于病毒遗传变异性和细胞免疫诱导不良,因此提供了不充分的保护.
- 使者RNA (mRNA) 疫苗为抗原设计和强大的细胞免疫反应提供了一个灵活的平台.
研究的目的:
- 评估新型PRRSV mRNA疫苗的免疫性和保护性疗效.
- 为了比较编码单个结构蛋白的mRNA疫苗与融合蛋白的有效性.
- 评估mRNA疫苗作为传统PRRSV疫苗的替代品的潜力.
主要方法:
- 构建了编码PRRSV结构蛋白 (GP3,GP4,GP5,M,N) 和融合蛋白 (GP345,GP5MN) 的多个mRNA序列.
- 在脂质纳米粒子 (LNP) 中封装的mRNA用于输送.
- 通过将GP5+M+N和GP3+4+5mRNA疫苗与商业化非活化疫苗进行比较,评估了小鼠的免疫性和小猪的保护效果.
主要成果:
- 该GP5+M+N mRNA疫苗诱导的幽默免疫力相当于猪的非活化疫苗.
- 接种GP5+M+N疫苗导致IFN-γ分泌量显著增加,并有效地预防PRRSV.
- 与单个抗原mRNAs (GP5+M+N和GP3+4+5) 的联合免疫在诱导特定抗体和细胞免疫反应方面优于融合蛋白mRNAs (GP5MN和GP345).
结论:
- PRRSV mRNA 疫苗在控制猪病方面具有显著的应用潜力.
- 针对PRRSV,单个抗原mRNA组合免疫策略比多抗原融合方法更有效.
- 这项研究为设计改进的PRRSV mRNA疫苗提供了宝贵的见解.
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