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为什么只有这么少的岛屿植物是本土的?

Sébastien Mirolo^1,2,3, Alice Ledent¹, Juana M González-Mancebo³

¹Biology, Ecology, Evolution Department, InbioS Research Unit, Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 1, Liège, B-4000, Belgium.

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

|January 25, 2026

概括

岛屿植物表现出较低的特有性,这是由于全方位物种化和频繁的大陆逆殖民,而不是低多样化. 这种模式挑战了使用特有病率作为这些植物物种化的代理.

科学领域:

岛屿生物地理学岛屿生物地理学
植物进化生物学的生物学.
植物地理学和物种化.

背景情况:

岛上生物多样性的特点是特有性,但与其他陆地植物相比,植物的生物多样性水平较低.
较低的植物息地存在的原因受到争议,包括低的多样化率,灭绝或大陆 (回) 殖民化的原因.

研究的目的:

为了调查马卡罗尼西亚白植物的低特有性病的原因.
区分低多样化率和特有性丧失之间的区别,作为低特有性的解释.

主要方法:

对马卡罗尼西亚植物植物群的现有证据的审查.
使用G_ST (基因差异化) 和N_ST (家族遗传基因差异化) 的基因差异化分析.
预估特有植物物种的祖先地区.

主要成果:

发现了显著的遗传差异化 (N_ST > G_ST),表明初始物种化和比分散率更高的突变.
远距离的群体 (马卡罗尼西亚人与非欧洲人) 之间的初始物种化更有可能发生,而不是更接近的群体 (马卡罗尼西亚人与欧洲人).
超过50%的马卡罗尼西亚特有的菌植物有欧洲以外的起源,不像主要是欧洲/地中海的精子植物.

结论:

通过远距离分散而不是通过对称辐射的全方位物种化在岛屿植物中占主导地位,导致较低的特有种群率.
阻碍现场多样化的机制包括小岛屿规模,孤立不足,缺乏关键创新和利基保护主义.
频繁的大陆逆殖民,没有随后的大陆物种化,进一步降低了植物的特有性,使特有性率作为物种化的代理无效.

关键词:

马卡罗尼西亚是什么意思地方特有主义 (Endemism) 是一种特有主义.进化进化演化演化演化演化混合化混合化混合化岛屿生物地理学岛屿综合征 (岛屿综合征) 是一种疾病.种类的变化种类的变化

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