由于糖尿病视网膜疾病导致的视觉缺陷跨越了种族和民族
Jayram M Sastry1,2, Yinxi Yu3, Joshua D Stein4
1Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Journal of vitreoretinal diseases
|January 26, 2026
概括
在糖尿病视网膜疾病 (DRD) 患者中,视力缺陷的种族和民族差异仍然存在. 与白人相比,黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔人士的视力损失率更高,这突显了持续的健康不平等.
科学领域:
- 眼科和公共卫生.
- 视网膜疾病和健康差异
背景情况:
- 糖尿病视网膜疾病 (DRD) 是导致视力丧失的主要原因.
- 了解DRD结果中的种族和民族差异对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明,不同的人口群体的医疗保健准入和结果存在差异.
研究的目的:
- 在被诊断患有糖尿病视网膜疾病 (DRD) 的患者中调查目前种族和民族视力缺陷的差异.
- 量化白人,黑人/非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔人口中严重视力障碍 (视力敏度为20/200或更差) 患病率的差异,包括DRD,糖尿病黄斑 (DME) 和多发性糖尿病视网膜病变 (PDR).
主要方法:
- 利用视力结果研究协作数据库在2015年至2023年期间识别DRD,DME和PDR患者.
- 根据自我报告的种族和种族创建了描述性队伍:白人 (非西班牙裔),黑人/非洲裔美国人 (非西班牙裔),西班牙裔和其他人.
- 使用线性回归与概括估计方程来分析视力敏度结果的差异,主要结果是视力敏度为20/200或更差的眼睛的百分比.
主要成果:
- 对于DRD,在黑人/非洲裔美国人 (10.2%) 和西班牙裔 (11.6%) 群体中,视力敏度为20/200或更差的视力敏度明显高于白人 (6.7%) 群体 (P < .001).
- 对于PDR,黑人/非裔美国人 (23.3%) 和西班牙裔 (24.4%) 群体的视力敏度为20/200或更差,与白人 (16.4%) 群体相比显著更高 (P < .001).
- 对于糖尿病性黄斑 (DME) 在种族和族群之间没有观察到视力缺陷的显著差异 (P = .21).
结论:
- 在糖尿病视网膜疾病和多发性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者中,视力缺陷存在显著的种族和民族差异.
- 黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔人口经历了严重视力损失的不成比例地更高的负担从DRD和PDR.
- 这些发现强调,需要继续努力解决糖尿病眼科护理中的健康不平等问题.
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