有氧运动对轻度认知障碍的老年人认知功能的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Qian Zhao1, Zhao Chen Hong2, Tian Tian Wei1
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|January 26, 2026
概括
有氧运动 (AE) 在轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 的老年人中显著提高了全球认知和记忆力. 定制AE频率,强度和持续时间对于个性化优化和改善结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 的老年人认知能力下降是一个越来越令人担忧的问题.
- 经常运动,特别是有氧运动 (AE) 对这一群体认知功能的潜在益处是公认的.
- 然而,不同EA模式对MCI患者认知的具体影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析有氧运动对被诊断为轻度认知障碍的老年人认知功能的影响.
- 巩固现有研究,并提供对AE疗效的定量评估.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library) 进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2025年7月.
- 包括随机对照试验 (RCT),评估MCI老年人的有氧运动干预措施,重点关注全球认知和特定的认知领域.
- 从33项涉及1996名参与者的研究中收集的数据使用标准化随机效应模型进行了聚合.
主要成果:
- 有氧运动对整体认知功能有显著的积极影响 (SMD = 0.81),对记忆有中度的积极影响 (SMD = 0.34).
- 在执行功能,注意力,处理速度,语言或视觉空间能力方面没有发现显著改善.
- 超回归和子组分析显示了显著的异质性,表明基于干预参数的治疗效果的变化.
结论:
- 有氧运动是改善轻度认知障碍的老年人整体认知和记忆的有效干预措施.
- 优化AE干预需要个性化调整频率 (3-5次/周),时间,强度和持续时间,以满足个体患者的需求.
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