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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Investigating the Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Organ Transplant Rejection
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Investigating the Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Organ Transplant Rejection

Published on: August 20, 2007

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对于合作性分类的承诺信号的基础是直观和深思熟虑的过程.

Martin Lang1, Alexandra Ružičková1, Katarína Čellárová1,2

  • 1LEVYNA: Laboratory for the Experimental Research of Religion, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.

iScience
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在人类中,可靠的承诺信号不是直观的. 审慎的成本效益分析,而不是昂贵的显示,最好预测合作,建议仔细评估优化承诺信号.

关键词:
卫生科学 卫生科学

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科学领域:

  • 进化心理学 进化心理学
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 认知科学 认知科学

背景情况:

  • 昂贵的信号理论认为,昂贵的信号表明承诺,促进合作.
  • 支持这些承诺信号可靠性的认知机制仍然不太清楚.
  • 在信号可靠性方面,区分直观和深思熟虑的过程至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查直观的流程或深思熟虑的成本效益评估是否支持可靠的承诺信号.
  • 检查认知处理 (时间压力与延迟) 在昂贵的承诺信号的有效性中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 三项研究涉及2223名参与者玩公共产品游戏.
  • 参与者可以在时间压力或时间延迟的情况下发送各种昂贵的承诺信号.
  • 分析的重点是,根据认知负载和信号成本,信号决策和随后的贡献如何不同.

主要成果:

  • 在时间压力下,只有高成本的信号才能将合作者与自私的参与者区分开来,但无法可靠地预测合作.
  • 有时间考虑 (时间延迟),合作者优先选择低成本信号,并为公共利益做出更多贡献.
  • 经过深思熟虑的成本效益评估,而不是直观的昂贵显示,证明更有效的可靠的承诺信号.

结论:

  • 在人类中,可靠的承诺信号更多地依赖于深思熟虑的成本效益评估,而不是对昂贵信号的直观吸引力.
  • 合作者通过仔细考虑,有效地优化信号成本,提高承诺显示的可靠性.
  • 了解信号的认知基础是解释合作分类的关键.