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相关概念视频

Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

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Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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Dehydration Synthesis01:15

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Overview
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...
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Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

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Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
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Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

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Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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基于糖的聚合物:从-二醇合成到其酶性聚合.

Federico Acciaretti1, Andrea Pasquale2, Giacomo Lombardo2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano I-20126, Italy.

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概括

研究人员合成了一种新的基于糖的单体,glux-diol,并使用酶催化剂将其聚合成生物基聚. 这些可持续材料具有出色的热稳定性,为传统塑料提供了有希望的替代品.

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科学领域:

  • 绿色化学 绿色化学
  • 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
  • 生物催化剂是一种生物催化剂.

背景情况:

  • 从可再生资源开发可持续的聚合物对于减少环境影响至关重要.
  • 糖衍生品为创造新的生物基材料提供了一个有前途的平台.
  • 单体的高效合成和净化是生物基聚合物生产的关键挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 详细介绍从d-glucono-1,5-lactone中合成2,4,3,5-di-O-methylene-d-glucitol (glux-diol) 的方法.
  • 为了探索glux-diol的生物催化聚合与各种灭菌剂,以生产生物基聚合物.
  • 描述产生的聚的特性,特别是热稳定性.

主要方法:

  • 环氧二醇的合成包括保护用甲甲,费舍尔化和LiAlH4的减少.
  • 开发一种新的净化方法,去除无机盐的副产品.
  • 在绿色溶剂中使用Candida antarctica lipase B的酶共聚化 (Cygnet 2.0).

主要成果:

  • 成功合成和净化d-葡萄糖的双循环乙衍生物glux-diol.
  • 生产的生物基聚烯的数值平均分子量 (Mn) 范围在900至2200gmol-1.
  • 实现了聚的高热稳定性,在391°C和419°C之间.

结论:

  • 糖功能化和生物催化物的综合方法为新型生物基聚合物提供了有效的途径.
  • 合成的聚体具有出色的热性能,使其适合各种应用.
  • 这项工作为从可再生资源生产高性能聚合物提供了一个可持续的途径.