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相关概念视频

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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一个基于智能手机的运动监控系统用于表面导向辐射治疗.

Dante P I Capaldi1, Emily Hirata1, Alon Witztum1

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一个新的智能手机应用程序iSGRT使用LiDAR进行精确的表面导向辐射疗法 (SGRT) 运动监测. 这种低成本,低复杂度的系统提供了与临床SGRT相比的准确性,提高了可访问性.

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科学领域:

  • 医学物理 医学物理
  • 辐射瘤学 辐射瘤学
  • 生物医学工程 生物医学工程

背景情况:

  • 表面导向放射治疗 (SGRT) 在放射治疗期间增强了患者的定位和运动监测,特别是在左侧乳腺癌中进行深呼吸屏蔽 (DIBH).
  • 当前SGRT系统的高成本和复杂性限制了它们的采用,特别是在资源有限的环境中.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证基于智能手机的iOS SGRT应用程序 (iSGRT),利用光检测和测距 (LiDAR) 进行精确,低成本的辐射治疗表面跟踪.

主要方法:

  • 该iSGRT应用程序是使用iOS上的Swift和Open3D开发的,用于捕捉6度自由度 (6DoF) 的运动,用于患者定位和呼吸监测.
  • 通过使用Varian TrueBeam的静态沙发位移和使用QUASAR幻影的动态运动来评估准确性. 在DIBH期间,还进行了健康志愿者与SDX螺旋计系统的比较.

主要成果:

  • iSGRT显示了与静态沙发运动的高相关性 (r2 ≥0.995转换,r2 ≥0.975旋转) 以及与幻影运动的强烈一致性 (r2 ≥0.963).
  • 该系统实现了4-5 Hz的时间分辨率,相当于临床SGRT. 志愿者的喘息持续时间在iSGRT和SDX之间几乎相同 (0.03秒的差异).

结论:

  • 这项研究证明了iSGRT作为放射治疗的可行,实时呼吸运动监测系统的可行性.
  • iSGRT应用程序提供了与临床SGRT系统可比的准确性,成本和复杂性大大降低.
  • 这项技术有可能提高SGRT的可访问性,特别是在服务不足,资源有限的环境中.