基于CRISPR/Cas9的可编程基因组编辑在:概念,应用和监管问题
Gautham Kolluri1, Adnan Naim1, Shiva Kumar Kurva1
1Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Frontiers in genome editing
|January 26, 2026
概括
克里斯普尔/卡斯9基因编辑通过快速增强特征和抗病能力,彻底改变了家禽养殖. 这种先进的技术为改善鸟类生物技术和生产率的传统方法提供了一个不那么有争议的替代方案.
科学领域:
- 鸟类生物技术 鸟类生物技术
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 遗传学和基因组测序加速了精英家禽品种的发展.
- 转基因技术使得动物的外基因基因表达成为可能.
- 基因组编辑正在改变鸟类生物技术,以实现特征定制.
研究的目的:
- 审查CRISPR/Cas9在家禽中的应用.
- 突出CRISPR/Cas9作为研究基因功能的有效工具.
- 讨论CRISPR/Cas9相对于较旧的基因组编辑技术的优势.
主要方法:
- 使用集群定期间隔的短Palindromic重复/CRISPR相关蛋白9 (CRISPR/Cas9) 系统与指导RNA (gRNA) 和Cas9内核酶.
- 诱导向的DNA双链断裂,通过非同类末端连接进行基因淘汰.
- 使用Cas9和gRNA通过等离子体系统的短暂表达,避免永久的遗传集成.
主要成果:
- 克里斯普尔/Cas9使得精确的基因功能研究和分析非编码元素成为可能.
- 该系统可以快速提高家禽的生产力特征,如生长和料效率.
- 克里斯普尔/Cas9促进了对禽流感和马雷克病的抗病能力的提高.
结论:
- 克里斯普尔/Cas9是鸟类生物技术的一个强大而有效的工具,与以前的基因组编辑方法相比,它具有显著的优势.
- 在家禽中的应用包括抗病,提高生产率,杀的伦理解决方案和生物制药.
- 这项技术代表了家禽改进和功能基因组学研究的重大进步.
相关概念视频
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
1.8K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
1.8K
CRISPR
57.8K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
57.8K
CRISPR and crRNAs
19.0K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
19.0K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
11.7K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
11.7K
RNA Editing
9.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.9K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
37.1K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.1K


