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Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
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在不同方向的单腿跳跃中,下肢肌肉激活和生物力学
Yu Gu1, Wanyan Su1, Nawfal Malik1
1Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|January 26, 2026
概括
后向跳跃对膝关节提出了最高的要求,使其成为动态膝关节控制缺陷的潜在指标. 前进和垂直跳跃为性能和肌肉激活提供了不同的见解.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 神经肌肉功能的神经肌肉功能
- 运动医学运动医学
背景情况:
- 单腿向前和垂直跳跃是评估前十字带重建后膝盖功能的标准.
- 在四肢之间类似的跳跃表现并不能保证膝盖的完整恢复.
- 后向跳跃可能会增加膝盖动力学,但它对肌肉激活和动力学的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 分析不同的跳跃方向如何影响下肢肌肉激活和跳跃期间的生物力学.
- 专门研究膝关节对各种跳跃运动的反应.
主要方法:
- 48名健康的参与者进行了单腿前进,垂直和向后跳跃.
- 运动捕捉,力盘和表面电肌图记录了肌肉激活 (四肢体,腿筋,三肢体 surae),关节角度 (干部,部,膝盖,脚) 和关节时刻 (部,膝盖,脚).
- 重复测量ANOVA分析了跳转方向对性能和生物力学的影响.
主要成果:
- 前进跳跃带来了更好的表现,更大的干/脚角度,部/脚时刻和腿筋激活,但较低的部/膝盖角度,膝盖时刻和四头肌激活.
- 垂直跳跃导致膝盖最大的角度.
- 后向跳跃显示出最少的干/脚参与和肌肉激活 (两脚,腹半端肌,单脚肌),但膝盖的动量最高.
结论:
- 前进跳跃是一种一般性绩效指标,但可能会低估膝盖特定的缺陷.
- 垂直跳跃适用于评估四头肌功能和膝盖控制.
- 后向跳跃对膝盖的机械需求很大,部/脚的参与较少,这使得它成为检测动态膝盖控制障碍的有价值工具.
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