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相关概念视频

Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Couette Flow01:22

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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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The flow table test is an established method used to assess the workability of concrete, particularly useful for evaluating highly flowable concrete mixes. This test employs an apparatus that consists of a wooden board topped with a steel plate, collectively weighing 35 pounds. The board is connected to a base via a hinge and measures 27.6 inches on each side.
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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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在流量补偿的输内素不连贯运动MRI中建模中间流量模式.

Louise Rosenqvist1, Mikael Montelius1, Isabella M Björkman-Burtscher2,3

  • 1Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Magnetic resonance in medicine
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究引入了一种新的intravoxel不连贯运动 (IVIM) 模型,以更好地了解大脑中的血液流动. 该模型有助于使用MRI分析扩散和 perfusion,揭示了大脑微循环的洞察力.

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科学领域:

  • 磁共振成像 (MRI) 是一种磁共振成像技术.
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.
  • 神经成像是一种神经成像.

背景情况:

  • 在MRI信号中,intravoxel不连贯运动 (IVIM) 模型对于区分扩散和微循环 perfusion 效应至关重要.
  • 血液运动动态随编码时间 (T) 变化,在短T时呈现弹性流动,在长T时呈现伪扩散.

研究的目的:

  • 为流量补偿IVIM开发一个编码时间依赖的分析模型.
  • 在健康的人类大脑中估计微血管IVIM参数,特别是血液速度和相关时间.

主要方法:

  • 通过使用兰杰文方程,为流量补偿/非流量补偿双扩散编码 (DDE) 衍生了一个编码时间依赖的分析IVIM模型.
  • 通过模拟验证模型.
  • 扫描了11名健康参与者,以估计微血管IVIM参数 (血液速度 ν,血液相关时间 τ) 使用T = 50-100 ms.

主要成果:

  • 在健康的大脑中估计的IVIM参数: τ = 123.1 ± 50 ms, ν = 1.51 ± 0.76 mm/s, perfusion 分数 f = 4.75 ± 1.94%,以及组织扩散系数 D = 0.91 ± 0.32 μm2/ms.
  • 模拟表明了对t parameter的潜在积极偏差.
  • 该模型在极端编码时间显示与已建立的弹道和扩散模式相一致.

结论:

  • 为FC/NC DDE成功开发并展示了一个编码时间依赖的分析IVIM模型.
  • 在体内和模拟结果表明,典型的临床MRI编码时间探测到大脑中的弹道血液流动模式的中间体.