超越平均分数:识字,算术和解决问题的性别差异作为跨年龄组的个体内优势
Marco Balducci1, Waseem Haider2
1Department of Psychology and Speech Language Pathology, INVEST Flagship Research Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
Journal of Intelligence
|January 27, 2026
概括
女人擅长识字,男人擅长计算,但解决问题的能力并没有性别差异. 个人内部的优势,而不仅仅是平均分数,可能会解释整个生命周期在科学,技术,工程和数学 (STEM) 参与方面的差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 科学社会学科学社会学
背景情况:
- 妇女在STEM领域的代表性不足是一个持续的问题.
- 关于认知能力的性别差异的传统研究,专注于平均分数,并没有解释STEM参与差异.
- 个人内在的优势,反映了一个人的相对技能优势,是一个新的,可能更相关的因素,但在整个生命周期中仍然未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查成年人一生中识字,算数和解决问题的个人内强项的性别差异.
- 为了确定是否个体内优势,而不是平均得分差异,更好地解释STEM领域的性别差异.
- 分析跨多个年龄组和国家的这些差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自成人能力国际评估计划 (PIAAC) 周期2的数据.
- 包括来自30个国家的157,525名个人,分为五个年龄组 (16-24,25-34,35-44,45-54,55岁以上).
- 评估了识字,算数和解决问题的性别差异作为个人内部的优势.
主要成果:
- 在所有国家和年龄组中,女性在识字能力方面的表现始终优于男性,而男性在计算能力方面的表现也优于女性.
- 在解决问题的优势方面没有发现任何显著的性别差异.
- 识字和数学的优势在不同的人口和年龄组中显示出一致的模式.
结论:
- 在识字和算术方面,个体内部的优势在整个生命周期和全球范围内表现出明显的基于性别的模式.
- 解决问题的技能在个人内强项方面没有表现出类似的基于性别的差异化.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑个体内优势而不是平均得分,以了解和解决STEM参与中的性别差异.
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