对年轻足球运动员运动和感知认知表现的分析:对训练经验和生物成熟的洞察
Afroditi Lola1, Eleni Bassa2, Sousana Symeonidou1
1School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2026
概括
生物学成熟度和训练年龄显著影响年轻足球运动员的运动技能,但不会影响认知能力. 心理运动速度是反应敏捷性的关键,突出了综合身体和认知训练的必要性.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动 人类运动
- 青年发展 青年发展
背景情况:
- 了解影响年轻运动员表现的因素对于健康和福祉至关重要.
- 足球训练涉及复杂的运动和认知需求.
- 年轻运动员的身体和认知发展之间的相互作用需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查训练年龄,时间年龄和生物成熟度对男性青少年足球运动员运动和感知认知表现的影响.
- 为优化青少年运动员训练计划提供见解.
- 探索特定的身体和认知技能与足球整体表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 涉及41名男性青年足球运动员 (平均年龄14.86岁) 的横截面研究.
- 基于现场的评估包括运动技能 (冲刺,跳跃,敏捷) 和感知认知技能 (心理运动速度,视觉空间工作记忆,空间可视化).
- 生物成熟度估计使用成熟度抵消方法.
主要成果:
- 生物成熟度和训练年龄显著预测了运动性能 (冲刺,跳跃,预先计划的敏捷性).
- 时间学年龄没有预测运动性能.
- 无论是成熟度还是训练经验都没有影响感知认知能力;然而,精神运动速度预测了反应敏捷性.
结论:
- 青少年足球训练应该整合身体和认知发展战略.
- 体育训练应根据成熟状态来个性化,以确保安全有效的负载.
- 心理运动速度和决策的系统训练可以提高反应敏捷性和游戏智能,支持运动员的长期发展和福祉.
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