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运动特异性脑耐力训练对精英定向运动员表现的影响
Kenneth Buch1, Richard Thomas2, Walter Staiano3,4
1Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2026
概括
大脑耐力训练 (BET) 增强了精英定向运动员的体育特定路线选择评估和一般认知表现. 这项为期6周的干预措施提高了决策的速度和准确性,而不会影响跑步的表现.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 精英定位需要高水平的身体和认知表现.
- 认知疲劳会对耐力运动中的决策和表现产生负面影响.
- 大脑耐力训练 (BET) 是一种减轻认知疲劳的潜在方法.
研究的目的:
- 评估为期6周的特定运动BET干预对精英定向运动员认知和身体表现的影响.
- 确定BET是否可以增强与导向相关的体育特定决策和一般认知功能.
主要方法:
- 采用单臂交叉研究设计,对13名丹麦国家队的导航运动员进行了研究.
- 参与者接受了为期6周的控制期 (CON),随后进行了为期6周的BET期.
- 使用Stroop任务和运动特定路线选择评估 (RCA) 评估认知表现,通过跑步测试测量身体表现.
主要成果:
- BET显著减少了RCA任务所需的时间27% (p=0.009).
- 通过Stroop任务测量的一般认知表现显示,在BET之后,正确答案增加了2%.
- 在CON和BET期间之间没有观察到跑步表现的显著变化.
结论:
- 一个为期6周的运动特定的BET干预有效地改善了精英定位的关键认知方面.
- BET增强了体育特定决策 (RCA) 和一般认知功能 (Stroop任务).
- 这些发现表明,BET是一种可行的训练策略,可以优化精英定向运动员的认知表现.
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