增强和维持听力保护设备的噪声减弱:适应性测试和教学方法的混合方法审查
Wei Gong1, Thais C Morata1, Alessandra G Samelli2
1Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene
|January 27, 2026
概括
广泛的训练显著提高了听力保护装置 (HPD) 的有效性,但如果没有定期的复习训练,效益会随着时间的推移而减少. 持续的再培训对于保持对工人的最佳降噪至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
- 工业卫生 工业卫生
背景情况:
- 听力保护设备 (HPD) 对于减少职业环境中的噪声暴露至关重要.
- HPD的有效性受到适当的适配和用户培训的显著影响.
- 了解培训的长期影响和复习课程的必要性对于工人安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估HPD适应性测试的短期和长期有效性,并结合广泛的培训.
- 确定最佳的升级培训策略,以持续提高HPD的有效性.
- 分析训练类型和频率对个人减弱等级 (PAR) 的影响.
主要方法:
- 在2025年2月5日进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 包括23个不受控制的前后 (UBA) 研究,包括5575名工人测量HPD个人减弱等级 (PAR).
- 对同类研究进行了元分析,以综合耳塞和耳罩的发现.
主要成果:
- 广泛的训练最初将耳塞 PAR 的平均值提高了 12.88 dB,在 12 个月后降至 4.46 dB.
- 在6个月内,补习训练提高了耳塞 PAR 的1.53 dB;一年的训练增加了3.45 dB.
- 在没有复习训练的情况下,耳塞PAR在6个月内下降了2.64dB以上.
结论:
- 最初的广泛培训显著提高了HPD的有效性,但如果没有持续的加强,这些收益不会持续下去.
- 定期的复习训练,特别是在6个月的间隔内,对于保持高个人减弱等级至关重要.
- 需要进一步进行高质量的研究,以确定最佳听力保护的理想类型和更新训练频率.
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