轮椅马拉松表现中的性别差异
Matthew M Hanks, Joshua M Leonardis1, Adam W Bleakney
1School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
|January 27, 2026
概括
在轮椅马拉松比赛中,男性的表现始终优于女性,尽管这些表现差距正在缩小. 随着时间的推移,女性的参与率显著增加,改善了这些活动中男性与女性运动员的比例.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 残疾人运动是残疾人运动.
背景情况:
- 轮椅马拉松比赛是一个不断增长的适应性运动.
- 了解基于性别的表现和参与趋势对于公平的体育发展至关重要.
- 历史数据可以揭示运动参与的长期模式.
研究的目的:
- 分析轮椅马拉松运动员运动表现中性别差异的历史趋势.
- 检查随着时间的推移,男性和女性轮椅马拉松运动员参与率的变化.
- 为了确定轮椅马拉松比赛中基于性别的差异的演变.
主要方法:
- 追溯性,观察性研究设计.
- 利用了波士顿,芝加哥和纽约市马拉松 (轮椅部门,1984-2023) 的公开数据.
- 使用差异的单变量分析和皮尔森相关性来评估绩效和参与趋势.
主要成果:
- 在所有赛事和时间段 (p < 0.001) 中,男性体育表现优于女性体育表现.
- 绩效差距从第一名 (20%) 扩大到第十名 (33%),尽管整体性别差异随着时间的推移而减少 (p < 0.001).
- 女运动员的参与率显著增加 (p < 0.001),导致随着时间的推移,男性与女性的比例下降.
结论:
- 在轮椅马拉松的表现和参与方面,仍然存在显著的性别差异.
- 性别是影响人类健康和运动表现的关键生物变量,特别是在适应性运动中.
- 研究结果强调,需要继续研究轮椅运动中基于性别的绩效差异.
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