在2-4岁之间出现不利的不平等厌恶
Fernando Sánchez Hernández1, Daniel Hyde2
1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|January 27, 2026
概括
早在2岁的孩子就会注意到不公平,但只有4岁的孩子才会积极抗议不利的不平等. 这项研究探讨了童年早期公平的发展,追踪了对资源分配不平等的反应.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 了解儿童中公平考虑的出现对于发展心理学至关重要.
- 之前的研究还没有清楚地定义儿童何时以及如何对资源分配不公平作出反应,特别是当他们处于不利地位时.
研究的目的:
- 调查幼儿对不利的不公平报价的敏感性和反应的发展.
- 为了确定儿童表现出不利的不平等厌恶的年龄.
主要方法:
- 研究人员对2岁和4岁儿童进行了两项研究 (N=39和N=80).
- 修改版的不公平游戏被用来呈现不利的资源分配场景.
- 记录了隐含的敏感性和对不平等的报价作出明确的响应决定.
主要成果:
- 两岁和四岁的孩子都表现出对不利的报价的敏感性,他们没有得到任何东西,而合作伙伴则获得了资源 (0对3).
- 只有4岁的孩子愿意拒绝涉及个人利益的报价 (1对3),以抗议不公平待遇.
- 这表明,从对不利不平等的敏感性到对不利不平等的积极厌恶的发展进展.
结论:
- 对于不利的资源分配的敏感性在2岁时出现.
- 不利的不公平厌恶,以抗议不公平甚至以个人代价为特征,晚些时候,在4岁时发展.
- 这些发现突出了儿童对公平的理解和反应的关键发展里程碑.
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