基于拒绝的选择阻止人们选择退出投票
Yi-Hsin Su1, Amitai Shenhav2,3
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. yi-hsin_su@berkeley.edu.
Nature communications
|January 27, 2026
概括
当选民面对不受欢迎的候选人时,他们经常选择退出选举. 要求选民拒绝最糟糕的选项,而不是选择最好的选项,可以增加参与率并创造更具代表性的选举结果.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 由于个人选择退出选举选择,投票率往往会降低.
- 选择退出行为的现有解释包括缺乏偏好或不喜欢选项.
- 一种新的解释认为,由于目标不一致,选民避免在不理想的候选人之间做出选择.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查选民选择退出行为的第三个账户:与选择最佳候选人的目标不一致.
- 探索以拒绝为基础的投票机制是否可以提高选举代表性.
- 了解如何更好地揭示选民的偏好,特别是那些不喜欢但不支持候选人的选民.
主要方法:
- 两项基于实验室的研究使用了投票任务来评估选择退出倾向.
- 在实验中,参与者被要求选择最好的候选人或拒绝最差的候选人.
- 基于实验结果进行了选举模拟,随后进行了两次美国独立人士的多产调查.
主要成果:
- 当参与者被要求拒绝最糟糕的选择时,消除了在不理想的候选人之间选择的倾向.
- 基于拒绝的投票模拟表明潜在的更具代表性的选举结果.
- 调查数据显示,当被问及他们会投票反对谁时,个人不太可能回答"未决".
结论:
- 选民选择退出行为可能源于不良选项与选择最佳候选人的目标之间的冲突.
- 转向基于拒绝的投票机制可能会提高选民参与率和选举代表性.
- 了解选民决策,特别是识别最不喜欢的候选人,为更准确的偏好揭示提供了途径.
相关概念视频
01:10Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base
3.6K
α-Alkylation of ketones is achieved in the presence of alkyl halides and a base. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an enolate ion followed by nucleophilic substitution. The choice of base employed is essential as it is the key factor in determining the reaction outcome.
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence,...
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence,...
3.6K
01:20Mate Choice
11.7K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
11.7K
01:17Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?
29.5K
The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null...
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null...
29.5K
01:02Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test
4.1K
Sometimes, a data set can have a recorded numerical observation that greatly deviates from the rest of the data. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, a statistical method called the Grubbs test can be used to determine whether the observation is truly an outlier. To perform a two-tailed Grubbs test, first, calculate the absolute difference between the outlier and the mean. Then, calculate the ratio between this difference and the standard deviation of the sample. This...
4.1K
01:19Personal Choice and Fate Attributions
170
Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
170
02:33Lewis Acids and Bases
48.3K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
48.3K