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在典型和非典型发育的儿童和青少年中,全球和本地处理字母和面部

Silvia Primativo¹, Roberta Daini^2,3, Jennifer Pavia¹

¹Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Roma, Italy.

|January 28, 2026

概括

典型的发育儿童显示全球优先级的字母,但不是面孔. 患有唐氏综合征 (DS) 和威廉姆斯综合征 (WS) 的年轻人表现出面部处理偏差,表明了不同的神经发育特征.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
发展心理学发展心理学
认知科学认知科学

背景情况:

研究典型发育 (TD) 儿童,唐氏综合征 (DS) 和威廉姆斯综合征 (WS) 的视觉处理偏好对于理解神经发育变异至关重要.
全球优先效应 (GPE) 和全球干扰效应 (GI) 是评估本地与全球视觉处理的关键指标.
最近的研究强调GPE和GI是潜在的独立现象.

研究的目的:

为了比较TD儿童,DS青年和WS青年之间的当地与全球视觉处理偏好.
检查刺激类型 (字母与图形面孔) 对视觉处理的影响.
在这些不同的发育群体中研究GPE和GI.

主要方法:

五十名参与者 (25 TD,13 DS,12 WS) 完成了两个实验.
使用了等级刺激 (字母和图表面孔),需要识别全球或本地水平.
单独的块专注于本地元素识别与全球形状识别.

主要成果:

TD儿童对字母显示了GPE,但不是面孔,这表明配置处理的发育调制.
无论是DS和WS组都显示了对图形面部的全球处理偏差.
DS和WS组在本地和全球任务中表现出显著的全球干扰效应,这表明抑制控制缺陷.

结论:

这些发现挑战了DS和WS个人的严格的全球/本地处理分类.
刺激类型和认知需求显著影响视觉处理结果.
结果对神经发育研究和DS和WS人群的临床干预有影响.

关键词:

唐氏综合征是什么意思唐氏综合征威廉姆斯综合征是什么意思不典型的发展.面部处理是面部处理.全球和本地处理.一个层次化的字母和面孔.

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