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在煮熟的大豆,发酵的纳托和成熟后的纳托之间,营养和感官质量的差异
Yuguang He1, Yuanyuan Jiang2, Da Li1
1Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China.
用Bacillus subtilis natto发酵大豆可以提高营养,消化能力和感官质量. 成熟后的过程对于风味的发展和积累维生素K2和GABA等活性化合物至关重要.
科学领域:
- 食品科学与技术 食品科学与技术
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 营养生物化学 营养生物化学
背景情况:
- 大豆发酵,特别是使用Bacillus subtilis natto,是改善食品特性的一种传统方法.
- 了解纳托生产过程中的生化和感官变化是优化其质量的关键.
研究的目的:
- 系统地比较Bacillus subtilis natto发酵和成熟后对大豆营养成分,活性物质和感官特征的影响.
- 阐明成熟后在风味成熟和活性成分积累中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在发酵前后对营养成分 (脂肪,糖,蛋白质,自由氨基酸) 的比较分析.
- 检测活性物质,包括纳托金酶,维生素K2,胺黄油酸 (GABA) 和异黄.
- 通过颜色差异分析和纹理分析 (硬度,粘度,弹性) 进行感官评估.
- 气相色谱-离子运动谱法 (GC-IMS) 用于挥发性芳香化合物分析.
主要成果:
- 发酵显著减少了脂肪和降解糖,改变了蛋白质含量,增加了水溶性蛋白质和自由氨基酸.
- 在发酵和成熟后,纳托金酶活性增加;在成熟后,可活性的细菌略有下降.
- 阿格利康类异黄,维生素K2和GABA含量增加.
- 感官变化包括亮度下降,红色增加 (黄色棕色),硬度降低,粘度和弹性增强.
- 挥发性气味分析显示,和酸的含量增加,味道从草味转变为水果和坚果.
结论:
- 细菌素 natto通过酶解水解和代谢转化增强大豆的消化能力,营养价值和感官接受.
- 成熟后的阶段对于风味成熟和纳托的有益活性成分的积累至关重要.
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