空气污染和早产:一项综合性审查,重点关注早产的表型和具体的妊娠时间
Lindsey Abellard1, Vy Le2, Timothy D Nelin3,4,5,6
1Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
概括
空气污染,包括PM2.5和NO2,与早产 (PTB) 有关. 然而,很少有研究检查特定的PTB亚型或妊娠时间,强调需要标准化研究,以了解因果途径并减少PTB.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 生殖流行病学 生殖流行病学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 空气污染是早产 (PTB) 的重要危险因素,是婴儿死亡的主要原因.
- 连接空气污染物与PTB的确切生物机制尚不清楚.
- PTB是一个复杂的结果,具有亚型 (自发和医疗指示) 和不同的妊娠时间,可能涉及不同的病因.
研究的目的:
- 对研究进行范围审查,调查颗粒物直径<2.5微米 (PM2.5) 和二氧化 (NO2) 与早产 (PTB) 现型和妊娠时间之间的关联.
- 确定当前关于空气污染和PTB的研究领域的知识差距.
主要方法:
- 对2011年1月至2024年2月期间发表的研究进行了全面的PubMed搜索.
- 如果它们检查了PM2.5或NO2与PTB的关联,就包括了这些研究,并根据它们是否指定了PTB表型 (自发[sPTB]或医疗指示[mPTB]) 或妊娠时间来分类.
- 总共有436项符合条件的研究被确定.
主要成果:
- 虽然许多研究报告了PM2.5或NO2暴露与PTB之间的显著关联,但这些影响的幅度和方向各不相同.
- 在审查的研究中,只有很小一部分 (436项研究中5项) 指定了PTB表型,28项研究考虑了妊娠时间.
- 只有3项研究检查了与空气污染物暴露相关的PTB表型和妊娠时间.
结论:
- 关于空气污染物对不同PTB亚型和孕期长度的具体影响的知识差距很大.
- 对暴露评估和PTB分类的标准化方法对于阐明因果途径至关重要.
- 需要改进的研究方法,以告知有针对性的预防策略和旨在减少污染造成的PTB的政策.
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