基于平衡和力量的运动干预措施在社区居住的老年人中预防跌倒的有效性:对随机对照试验的系统审查
Prashant Kumar Choudhary1, Suchishrava Choudhary2, Sohom Saha2
1Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Shakti Nagar, Race Course Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
概括
结构化的运动计划有效地减少了老年人的跌倒. 太极拳,奥塔戈运动计划和多模式训练显著降低了落的发生率,并改善了平衡和力量.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 跌倒是老年人受伤和丧失独立的主要原因.
- 运动干预措施被推用于预防跌倒,但比较有效性尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关不同运动方式在社区生活的老年人中预防跌倒的比较有效性的证据.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA 2020指南进行随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查.
- 搜索了主要的数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,CINAHL) 对60岁以上的成年人的研究.
- 包括平衡,力量,多式联动,太极拳,奥塔戈运动计划和基于扰动的训练干预措施;使用ROB-2评估偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 27个RCT显示,运动干预措施始终降低了跌倒发生率.
- 太极拳 (31-58%),奥塔戈运动计划 (23-40%) 和多模式训练 (20-45%) 显著减少了跌倒.
- 基于乱的培训显示出强烈的效果 (50-75%的实验室跌倒减少);功能结果得到改善,更长的干预措施 (12-24个月) 显示了持续的益处.
结论:
- 结构化的运动,特别是太极拳,奥塔戈运动计划,多式力量平衡训练和基于扰动的训练,有效地减少了老年人的跌倒.
- 这些计划改善了平衡,流动性和力量,支持它们在老年人群的防摔策略中的作用.
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