在6-18岁儿童中诊断ASD:性别差异和诊断过程
Shahar Gindi1, Hagit Nagar-Shimoni1,2, Efrat Zilbershot Fink2
1Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center, Netanya 4290200, Israel.
Journal of clinical medicine
|January 28, 2026
概括
在女孩中诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是具有挑战性的. 这项研究强调了自闭症呈现的性别差异,以及需要改进的诊断工具来捕捉各种呈现,特别是在老年儿童中.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 诊断方法 诊断方法
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断随着年龄的增长而变得更加复杂,特别是在女孩身上.
- 现有的诊断工具可能无法完全捕捉跨性别的自闭症异质表现.
- 神经多样性范式为理解各种自闭症表现提供了一个框架.
研究的目的:
- 探索6岁以后影响ASD诊断的发育因素和诊断工具.
- 评估ADOS-2和社会归属测试 (SAT) 等工具如何捕捉特定性别的ASD表现.
- 将神经多样性范式纳入ASD诊断方面的考虑.
主要方法:
- 对91名6-18岁儿童 (73名男孩,18名女孩) 进行了回顾性分析,评估了ASD.
- 多变量通用线性模型 (GLMs) 用于识别诊断的预测因素.
- 在分析中对年龄,性别和语言困难进行控制.
主要成果:
- 男孩表现出更不典型的发育和受限制的兴趣;女孩表现出更高的感官敏感性.
- 社会影响 (SA) 评分,最初关注的年龄,以及语言困难的缺失显著预测了ASD诊断.
- 在ASD症状呈现方面观察到性别差异.
结论:
- 当前的诊断工具可能在识别"掩盖"表型方面存在局限性,特别是在女孩身上.
- 需要针对性别敏感的诊断标准和像SAT这样的隐性措施.
- 具有全面评估的纵向研究对于捕捉自闭症多样性至关重要,特别是在社会和语言技能方面.
关键词:
诊断工具 诊断工具 诊断工具性别差异是性别之间的差异.语言困难语言困难晚期诊断神经多样性神经多样性掩盖的掩饰 掩盖的掩饰父母的担忧是父母的担忧.这是一项回顾性研究.社会归因测试是社会归因测试.社会互动 社交互动更多相关视频
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