过去,现在和未来人类的玛逆转录病毒感染:我们是否击败了病原体?
Antoinette Cornelia van der Kuyl1,2
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
概括
玛逆转录病毒可以引起癌症并感染生殖系. 虽然人类在很大程度上避免了数百万年的新感染,但动物持续暴露和人类细胞的复制表明未来的传播是可能的.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 玛逆转录病毒是已知的病原体,与白血病和淋巴瘤等癌症有关.
- 他们倾向于准生殖系,在脊椎动物基因组 (包括人类) 中留下痕迹.
- 尽管有数百万年的明显逃避,但近几十年来在人体样本中反复发现了马逆转录病毒成分,通常归因于污染.
研究的目的:
- 审查支持和反对人类过去,现在和未来的玛逆转录病毒感染的证据.
- 探索影响人类新型马逆转录病毒感染概率的因素.
- 估计这种感染的潜在后果.
主要方法:
- 对调查人类样本中的马逆转录病毒存在的研究进行文献综述.
- 分析历史和当代发现,包括因污染而导致的病例.
- 基于暴露,生活方式和宿主因素评估新型感染的风险因素.
主要成果:
- 过去发现的"人类"马逆转录病毒,如XMRV,最终与实验室污染与小鼠马逆转录病毒有关.
- 内源性前病毒和缺陷元素之间的补充可能解释了一些观察到的病毒.
- 在动物水库中存在各种传染性马逆转录病毒,它们在人体细胞中复制的能力突出显示了潜在的传播途径.
结论:
- 虽然历史上的人类感染在很大程度上是未经证实的,并且经常被污染解释,但新型马逆转录病毒传染给人类的可能性仍然存在.
- 诸如现代生活方式,地理分布,饮食,息地和宿主遗传/免疫等因素将影响未来的感染风险.
- 了解这些风险和潜在后果对于公共卫生准备至关重要.
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