在非常早产婴儿出院时,产后生长迟缓和营养不良的危险因素:应用ESPGHAN共识定义的回顾性研究
Isadora Beghetti1,2, Dalila Magno1, Ettore Benvenuti1
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Nutrients
|January 28, 2026
概括
几乎一半的非常早产婴儿在出院前经历了生长问题. 识别诸如支气管肺功能障碍和出生生长限制等危险因素是针对婴儿营养的关键.
科学领域:
- 新生儿科学 新生儿科学
- 儿童营养学 儿童营养学
- 增长监测 增长监测 增长监测
背景情况:
- 在非常早产的婴儿中,产后生长衰竭 (GF) 和营养不良 (UN) 是一个重大问题.
- 缺乏标准化的定义使临床管理复杂化.
- 这项研究适用于欧洲儿科胃肠病学,肝病学和营养学学会 (ESPGHAN) 对GF和联合国的标准.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定发育迟缓 (GF) 和营养不良 (UN) 的风险因素,在非常早产婴儿的医院出院时.
- 应用标准化的ESPGHAN标准来定义GF和UN.
- 了解生长障碍的不同临床轨迹.
主要方法:
- 对416名早产婴儿 (妊娠年龄<32周和/或出生体重<1500克) 的回顾性观察研究.
- 使用Intergrowth 21st标准进行增长监测.
- GF定义为≥ 1 SD体重相对于年龄的z-score下降;UN作为z-score<-2在出院时.
- 后勤回归用于识别独立预测因素.
主要成果:
- GF的患病率为45.3%,UN在放药时为33.1%.
- 支气管肺形和最大的产后体重减轻是GF的关键风险因素.
- 女性性别和母乳养与较低的GF风险有关.
- 孕产妇高血压,极低出生体重,以及GF预测,在出生体重适当的婴儿中,UN.
结论:
- 几乎一半的非常早产婴儿在出院前表现出显著的生长障碍.
- 评估GF动态和UN终点都显示出不同的患者轨迹.
- 标准化的ESPGHAN标准有助于识别高风险婴儿,以提供有针对性的营养支持.
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