评估机器学习模型用于使用人口,临床,生活方式,人体测量和环境暴露因素对糖尿病进行分类
Rifa Tasnia1,2, Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi1,2
1Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Toxics
|January 28, 2026
概括
这项研究引入了一种机器学习模型,该模型通过将环境暴露生物标志物与传统健康数据相结合,改进了糖尿病分类. 改进后的模型在确定成人糖尿病风险方面显示出更高的准确性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
背景情况:
- 糖尿病是一种复杂的疾病,受临床,代谢,生活方式,人口和环境因素的影响.
- 目前的糖尿病分类模型往往忽略了环境暴露生物标志物,主要依赖于生物医学指标.
- 整合不同的数据源对于全面了解糖尿病发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估医生诊断的糖尿病的监督机器学习分类框架.
- 评估将环境暴露生物标志物与人口,人类,临床和行为特征相结合的影响.
- 用国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 数据比较八个不同的监督分类器的性能.
主要方法:
- 使用了NHANES 2017-2018年18岁及以上的成年人数据.
- 通过链式方程的多重推算解决了缺失的数据,并通过合成少数群体过量采样技术纠正了类不平衡.
- 通过分层十倍交叉验证和独立的80/20保留集评估了八个监督分类器.
主要成果:
- 随机森林和XGBoost在数据预处理后表现出优异的性能,ROC AUC值分别为0.891和0.885,数据预处理后.
- 功能重要性分析强调年龄,家庭收入和腰围作为关键预测因素.
- XGBoost获得了最高的整体准确度和F1得分,而随机森林在样本外评估中显示了最大的灵敏度.
结论:
- 纳入环境暴露生物标志物显著提高了医生诊断的糖尿病的分类性能.
- 这些发现支持将化学物质暴露变量纳入人口水平糖尿病风险分层.
- 整合异质特征集,包括环境数据,对于基于机器学习的健康风险评估是有价值的.
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