来自结果的证据:在中等覆盖率的性别中立的2vHPV疫苗接种推动了疫苗接种和未接种妇女中HPV16/18的快速减少
Matti Lehtinen1,2, Ville N Pimenoff1,3,4, Tiina Eriksson5
1Center for Cervical Cancer Elimination, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Viruses
|January 28, 2026
概括
性别中立的HPV疫苗接种证明了强大的有效性,为未接种疫苗的个人提供了重要的间接保护,防止HPV16/18感染. 这一战略显示了全面根除HPV的前景,包括未接种疫苗的人.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染,特别是由瘤性HPV16/18引起的感染,是导致子宫癌的主要原因.
- 疫苗接种策略旨在减少HPV的流行,但它们对未接种疫苗的个人间接保护的影响需要进一步调查.
- 与仅针对女孩的方法相比,性别中立的疫苗接种策略可能会增强群体免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较性别中立与仅针对女孩的HPV疫苗接种策略对HPV16/18感染的间接和直接保护的影响.
- 在未接种疫苗和接种疫苗的年轻女性中评估HPV16/18血清阳性和PCR阳性.
- 通过不同的疫苗接种策略评估HPV根除潜力.
主要方法:
- 一个随机试验,涉及33个芬兰社区,分配给性别中立的HPV疫苗接种,仅限女孩的HPV疫苗接种或乙型肝炎控制疫苗接种.
- 在未接种疫苗的妇女中分析HPV16/18血清流行率和PCR阳性 (n=8022) 和来自18岁参与者的宫样本 (n=11,396).
- 与基线相比,HPV16/18流行率的减少在疫苗接种臂和对照臂的比较.
主要成果:
- 性别中立的疫苗接种显示,未接种疫苗的妇女的HPV16和HPV18血清流行率显著下降.
- 无论是性别中立的还是仅针对女孩的策略,都导致HPV18基于PCR的流行率大幅降低.
- 疫苗对HPV16/18宫感染的疗效在89%至96%之间,有证据表明HPV18的群体效应.
结论:
- 性别中立的HPV疫苗接种提供了强大的直接保护和显著的间接保护,有助于群体免疫.
- 观察到的有效性表明,性别中立的疫苗接种策略可以促进HPV的全面根除,包括未接种疫苗的人口.
- 即使接种疫苗覆盖率适度 (25%的男性,45%的女性),也实现了显著的间接保护.
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