中国中部非国家免疫计划疫苗的利用和替代模式的变化趋势,2011-2024年
Lei Wang1,2,3, Hao Li1,4, Ling Zhang1
1School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
Vaccines
|January 28, 2026
概括
在湖北省,非国家免疫计划 (非NIP) 疫苗的使用在十年以上的时间里一直在增长,然后在2024年急剧下降. 需要进一步调查,以了解病因并确保公平的疫苗覆盖.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 非国家免疫计划 (非NIP) 疫苗接种是公共卫生倡议的重要组成部分.
- 了解非NIP疫苗利用趋势对于有效的公共卫生政策和资源配置至关重要.
- 湖北省是分析中国疫苗接种模式的关键地区.
研究的目的:
- 分析与湖北省非NIP疫苗接种相关的利用趋势和挑战.
- 为未来的疫苗接种策略和管理提供数据驱动的见解.
- 确定影响非NIP疫苗的吸收和替代模式的因素.
主要方法:
- 从湖北省免疫计划信息管理系统 (2011-2024) 中提取疫苗接种数据.
- 对剂量管理,疫苗类型和区域分布的描述性流行病学分析.
- 使用Joinpoint软件进行趋势基平方测试和多阶段回归分析,以获得时间意义.
主要成果:
- 从2011年到2023年,观察到非NIP疫苗使用量的显著增加,每10,000人口的使用量从657.07上升到2393.21.
- 非NIP疫苗占总疫苗的份额越来越大,从2011年的25.52%增加到2023年的65.95%.
- 非NIP疫苗剂量和人口使用量在2024年急剧下降,失活脊髓灰质炎疫苗,流感疫苗和口服轮状病毒疫苗的显著下降.
结论:
- 非NIP疫苗的使用和用国家免疫计划 (NIP) 疫苗进行替代,在过去十年中表现出一致的增长,随后在2024年出现了显著的收缩.
- 该研究强调,决策者需要调查非NIP疫苗接种率急剧下降的原因.
- 建议包括区分自由裁量和替代疫苗需求,并重新分配资源,以保持覆盖率公平.
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