针对癌症成年人呼吸道感染的疫苗接种:临床医生简要指南
1Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Vaccines
|January 28, 2026
概括
对患有癌症的成年人进行针对呼吸道感染的疫苗接种至关重要. 有证据表明,疫苗是安全和有效的,对这个脆弱的人群来说,益处超过风险.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 全球癌症发病率很高,感染,特别是呼吸道感染,导致癌症患者的显著发病率和死亡率.
- 流感,SARS-CoV-2,RSV,肺炎 estreptococcus 和 Bordetella pertussis 等病原体引起的呼吸道感染是一个主要问题.
- 对于患有癌症的成年人来说,建议接种疫苗,但尽管他们的脆弱性增加,但接种率不够理想.
研究的目的:
- 为医疗保健专业人员提供关于为患有癌症的成年人接种呼吸道感染疫苗的实际指导.
- 解决疫苗接种障碍,例如自满,自信和方便.
- 总结有关癌症患者疫苗安全性和疗效的证据.
主要方法:
- 对有关癌症患者呼吸道感染和接种疫苗的现有文献的审查.
- 关于疫苗安全性,有效性和免疫原性在免疫功能低下个体中的证据的分析.
- 综合推疫苗的管理,包括时间,剂量和禁忌.
主要成果:
- 癌症患者接种疫苗的好处始终超过潜在风险,不良事件的发生率与一般人群相似.
- 鼓励早期接种疫苗,即使免疫反应可能会减少.
- 在免疫功能低下的患者中应避免使用活体减弱疫苗;有些患者可能需要增强剂量.
结论:
- 接种疫苗是成人癌症预防呼吸道感染的关键预防措施.
- 医疗保健专业人员应积极推广和管理推疫苗.
- 癌症免疫疗法似乎不会对疫苗诱导的免疫反应产生负面影响.
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