数字果园:在果育种和基因改造中使用先进的数据驱动技术
Fazeel Abid1,2, Zhao Zhang2,3, Ghulam Farooque1
1Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Frontiers in plant science
|January 28, 2026
概括
像高通量表型,机器学习和CRISPR基因编辑等先进技术正在彻底改变果育种. 这些数字工具加快了特征选择,提高了作物弹性和全球粮食安全的速度.
科学领域:
- 园艺科学 园艺科学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 农业技术 农业技术
背景情况:
- 果繁殖面临着由于气候变化,病原体和传统方法缓慢的挑战.
- 长期的青春期和果的高异构性阻碍了特征的快速选择.
- 消费者对新型特征的需求需要更快的育种计划.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查先进的数据驱动技术,以加速果育种和基因改造.
- 综合目前的数字育种状况在Malus × domestica.中.
- 识别数据驱动果改进的研究缺口和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA-EcoEvo协议进行的系统文献审查 (SLR).
- 从主要科学数据库 (Web of Science,Scopus,PubMed) 中分析了47项精选的研究.
- 与高通量表型化,机器学习和基因组编辑相关的发现的专题综合.
主要成果:
- 转向"数字育种"的范式转变,整合高通量表型化 (HTP),机器学习 (ML) /深度学习 (DL) 和基因组编辑 (CRISPR/Cas9).
- HTP自动收集特征数据;ML/DL在品种识别中达到>96%的准确性,并将基因组选择预测能力提高18%.
- 克里斯普尔/Cas9能够快速引入诸如抗病能力和更长的保质期等特征,而无转基因的方法加速了商业化.
结论:
- 通过农业物联网 (AIoT) 集成的HTP,ML/DL和基因组编辑的融合正在彻底改变果育种速度和精度.
- 新兴的前沿领域包括联合学习,可解释AI (XAI) 和适应新的监管框架.
- 标准化数据集和端到端系统验证是未来进步的关键研究需求.
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