执行资源塑造了整个成年人一生中语言可预测性的影响
Merle Marie Schuckart1,2, Sandra Martin3, Sarah Tune1,2
1Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
eLife
|January 28, 2026
概括
在阅读过程中语言预测不是自动的;它需要认知资源. 这项研究表明,限制执行资源可以减少可预测性对阅读速度的影响,特别是在老年人中.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 人类不断预测即将出现的语言,但这种预测机制的认知成本仍在争论中.
- 了解语言理解的资源需求对于认知模型至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查语言预测在整个生命周期中的资源依赖性.
- 确定执行资源是否对于预测性语言处理是必要的.
主要方法:
- 参与者 (N = 175,复制N = 96) 同时执行一个单词阅读任务和一个n-back任务来操纵执行资源负载.
- 使用来自大型语言模型 (GPT-2) 的词惊喜来量化语言可预测性.
主要成果:
- 通过n-back任务减少执行资源,减少了语言可预测性对阅读时间的影响.
- 这种对预测的资源依赖性在老年人 (18-85岁) 中更为明显.
结论:
- 语言预测不是一个免费的过程;它依赖于执行控制资源.
- 语言预测的认知需求随着年龄的增长而增加,突出显示了它在一生中的动态性和资源依赖性.
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