在COVID-19大流行期间新生儿中与医疗保健相关的感染
Sagori Mukhopadhyay1,2, Mark Conaway3, Miren B Dhudasia1
1Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
JAMA network open
|January 28, 2026
概括
新生儿重症监护室 (NICU) 的增强感染预防措施在COVID-19大流行期间显著降低了与医疗保健相关的病毒性感染 (HAI). 然而,这些措施并没有减少婴儿的细菌或真菌HAI.
科学领域:
- 新生儿医学 新生儿医学
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 新生儿重症监护室 (NICU) 在COVID-19大流行期间实施了严格的感染预防协议,以制病毒传播.
- 假设这些增强措施也会减少新生儿的非病毒性医疗相关感染 (HAI).
研究的目的:
- 为了比较COVID-19大流行之前和期间入院NICU的婴儿中病毒性和细菌性或真菌性HAI的发生率.
- 评估与流行病相关的感染控制措施对新生儿群体不同类型的HAI的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及美国和加拿大的12个3级或4级NICU的队列研究,分析了2018年3月1日至2022年7月31日的数据.
- 使用波桑回归,比较HAI发病率 (每1000个患者日的发病率) 在 (2018年3月至2020年3月) 之前和在 (2020年4月至2022年7月) 期间的流行病.
- 通过分子诊断来确认病毒和培养细菌或真菌病原体的HAI.
主要成果:
- 在大流行期间,病毒HAI的发病率显著下降,从每1000个患者日的0.35降至0.16 (调整的发病率比率[aRR],0.45;95% CI,0.34-0.59).
- 细菌或真菌的HAI率没有显著变化,从大流行前 (1.70) 到大流行期间 (1.78) 保持稳定 (aRR,1.04;95% CI,0.95-1.14).
- 尽管社区病毒感染增加,但病毒HAI的减少仍然存在,并且细菌/真菌HAI的现场变化与病毒HAI率无关.
结论:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间加强的感染预防措施在减少NICU婴儿病毒性HAI方面是有效的.
- 这些措施在预防细菌或真菌HAI方面提供了有限的额外益处,这表明病原体特异性疗效.
- 这些发现突显了在高病毒循环期间流行病时代感染控制策略的潜在实用性,但强调了对非病毒病原体的持续警的必要性.
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