语义支持和婴儿口语识别中的性别差异
Daniela Avila-Varela1, Francesco Cabiddu2, Anira Escrichs3
1Department of Engineering, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; School of Arts and Humanities, Center of Linguistics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for the Future of Education, Bilbao, Spain; Psychology of Language Research Group, University of Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus ''Primate Cognition", Goettingen, Germany.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|January 28, 2026
概括
幼儿表现出声学干扰,当单词听起来相似但含义不同时. 然而,当单词听起来相似并且有共同的含义时,幼儿会更快地识别它们,特别是女孩,这有助于早期的单词学习.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 幼儿早期的词识别是由词的语音和语义特征所塑造的.
- 了解这些特征如何相互作用对于词汇组织理论至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究声学和语义相似性对幼儿的词汇激活的影响.
- 检查这些线索如何共同影响口语识别.
主要方法:
- 在21个月大的单语英语幼儿身上,使用了与眼球追踪的交联模式优先查看任务.
- 一个启动范式涉及听到一个主要词,其次是语音相关,语音语义相关或无关的目标词.
主要成果:
- 声学相关的目标引起的看法比无关的目标少,这表明有声学干扰.
- 声语义上相关的目标引起了比无关和声学上相关的目标更多的看法,显示了促进.
- 与男孩相比,女孩表现出更强的词识别能力.
结论:
- 语音和语义线索都会互动地影响幼儿的精神词汇组织.
- 语音相似性可能会导致干扰,而语音和语义相似性的结合有助于单词识别.
- 性差异存在于早期口语词识别过程中.
相关概念视频
01:43Sex Linked Disorders
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
01:22Language Development
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:22Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...