基于机器学习的预测建模食品传染病原体和抗菌素耐药性在食品微生物组使用omics技术:一个系统的审查
Charles Obinwanne Okoye1, Stanley Ebhohimhen Abhadiomhen2, Bonaventure Chidi Ezenwanne3
1Biofuels Institute, School of Environment & Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
|January 29, 2026
概括
机器学习和奥米克技术增强了食品传播病原体和抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 监测. 集成的ML-omics模型显示出高精度,但全球食品安全需要标准化和更大的数据集.
科学领域:
- 食品安全和公共卫生问题
- 微生物学和基因组学
- 计算生物学和生物信息学
背景情况:
- 粮食系统的全球化增加了食物传播病原体的风险,而抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 的上升也加剧了这种风险.
- 目前的病原体识别和AMR监测方法往往效率低下,缺乏捕获微生物复杂性的能力.
- 现有的单一机器学习 (ML) 模型对复杂的食品安全挑战的预测稳定性有局限性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查基于ML的预测建模与食品传播病原体和AMR风险监测的OMIC技术相结合.
- 评估各种ML算法的有效性,以提高食品安全的预测准确性.
- 确定ML-omics用于监测食源病原体和AMR的应用中的关键发现和局限性.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献审查,选主要数据库中的1245篇文章 (2015-2025年).
- 选择了13项应用ML算法 (如Random Forest,XGBoost,SVM) 的相关研究,并将其与omics数据 (基因组学,元基因组学,转录组学) 结合起来.
- 分析报告的预测准确度和接收器操作特征 (AUROC) 下面区域的得分.
主要成果:
- 选择的研究使用ML-omics方法实现了高预测准确率 (高达99%) 和AUROC得分 (>0.90).
- 鉴定了沙门氏菌毒性的遗传标记,将李斯特菌与特定的食物来源 (水果,乳制品) 联系起来,并对家禽的移动抗菌素耐药性基因 (ARGs) 进行了目录.
- 证明了ML驱动的OMICS对病原体和AMR监测的潜力,为微生物毒性和耐药性提供了洞察力.
结论:
- 基于ML的OMIC框架具有显著的潜力,可以彻底改变食品传播病原体和AMR风险监测,从而导致更有弹性的食品安全系统.
- 包括小样本大小,数据不一致,过度拟合和可扩展性挑战在内的局限性需要解决,以便在现实世界中应用.
- 标准化的协议,更大的数据集和可解释的AI (XAI) 对于提高这些先进监控系统的可靠性和全球适用性至关重要.
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